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A CAUSE-EFFECT STUDY OF INTERFIRM NETWORKING AND CORPORATE ENTREPRENEURSHIP: INITIAL EVIDENCE OF SELF-ENFORCING SPIRALS

Participating in firm networks, where independent business organizations cooperate, has become increasingly popular to enhance firms’ innovation, ...

A Comparative Analysis of Strategic Marketing Practices of High Growth U.S. Family and Non-Family Firms
This study provides an analysis of strategic marketing practices of high-growth family and non-family firms in the United States. Strategic practices were examined in the areas of business strategies, including business strategies, market timing, and ...
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MOTIVATION AND ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONALITY: CHINESE AND AMERICAN PERSPECTIVES

In this paper we compare the intentionality of students in graduate business p ...

A Comparison of Entrepreneurship Development in Two Post-Communist Countries: The Cases of Hungary and Ukraine
Entrepreneurial development is analyzed in the context of the post-communist economies of Hungary and Ukraine. Citing relevant examples from published sources and personal experience, we examine the impact of systemic, historical, cultural, economic, ...
A Comparison of Failed and Non-failed Small Businesses in the United States: Do Men and Women Use Different Planning and Decision Making Strategies?
The primary objective of this study was to investigate the influence of gender in U. S. small business failures. A "failure" was defined as a bankruptcy with losses to creditors, and firms with fewer than 500 employees were considered “small.” Recent ...
A Conceptual Model and Propositions for Bolstering Entrepreneurship in the Informal Sector: The Case of Central America
Informal financial institutions (IFIs), among them the ubiquitous rotating savings and credit associations, are of ancient origin. Owned and self-managed by local people, poor and non-poor, they are self-help organizations which mobilize their own re ...
A COUNTY-LEVEL ASSESSMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN APPALACHIA USING SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS

Entrepreneurship is now recognized as a strategy to achieve economic growth in many regions. The goal of this paper is to increase the understanding of entrepreneurs ...

A Qualitative Study of the Management Practices of Rapid-Growth Firms and How Rapid-Growth Firms Mitigate the Managerial Capacity Problem
This study reports the results of a qualitative examination of the managerial practices of rapid-growth firms and how rapid-growth firms mitigate the managerial capacity problem by in effect outsourcing a portion of their resource needs and monitorin ...
A Regional Comparison of the Motivation and Problems of Vietnamese Entrepreneurs
This study assesses the motivations, perceived success factors, and business problems experienced by entrepreneurs in Vietnam. It also compares the results between the northern and southern regions of the country. Using data from a survey of 378 V ...
Access to Debt Capital for Small Women- and Minority-Owned Firms: Does Educational Attainment Have an Impact?
Due to their inability to access public debt and equity markets, small firms are heavily dependent on loans as a financing source. Prior research reveals that women and minority borrowers experience greater difficulty securing loans than white male b ...
Achieving Rapid Growth Revisiting the Managerial Capacity Problem
The managerial capacity problem argues that a firm’s ability to grow is directly related to its ability to add managerial capacity to administer the growth. The extent to which organizational practices and policies can lessen the managerial capacity ...
AFRICAN-AMERICAN ENTREPRENEURIAL VENUES AND SOCIAL CAPITAL

This study explores African American (AA) entrepreneurship through the lens of social capital. Using a foundation of social capital theory, this study attempts ...

America’s Largest Black-Owned Companies: A Thirty-Year Longitudinal Analysis
This article investigates the largest American black-owned companies over a thirty-year period, from 1974 to 2004. Trends with regard to the growth and decline of industry categories and of individual companies, and with regard to these companies’ ...
AN ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF GENDER AND SELF-EFFICACY IN DEVELOPING FEMALE ENTREPRENEURIAL INTEREST AND BEHAVIOR

To capture the talents of the next generations in new venture creation and to maintain the levels of entrepreneurship in our society, a vibrant “pipeline” of potenti ...

An Empirical Analysis: Venture Capital Clusters and firm Migration
Regions and states utilize venture capital forums to raise the profiles of youthful, potentially high growth firms located within their boundaries. They aim to assist organizations raise capital, to widen professional networks and to stimulate reg ...
An Examination of Indigenous Australian Entrepreneurs
There is little published literature available on urban contemporary Indigenous entrepreneurs in Australia. The paper defines the Indigenous Australian entrepreneur and provides an insight into the contemporary environment in which these entrepreneur ...
AN EXAMINATION OF INFORMATION SOURCES AND ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS AVAILABLE TO MINORITY-OWNED SMALL BUSINESSES
Minority business utilization of assistance programs and information sources was based on the results of 687 mail questionnaires. While these businesses had used several sources of information, low participation was found among government agencies an ...
AN EXAMINATION OF UNIVERSITY STUDENT ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS BY TYPE OF VENTURE

Learning what initially drives university students to be open to the thought of starting their own businesses has been of great interest to entrepreneurship research ...

An Overview of Basic Issues Facing Microenterprise Practices in the United States
Microenterprise programs in a post-industrial society face unique challenges in their implementation. These include decisions about the goals of microenterprise (to create jobs or empower participants through economic self-sufficiency and personal de ...
Assessing the Intervention Effectiveness of Business Incubation Programs on New Business Start-Ups
This article examines the effectiveness of business incubation programs on helping start-up businesses survive and grow. Several different methodologies were used including macroeconomic analysis, surveys and telephonic interviews of firm managers, c ...
Barriers to Entrepreneurship and SME Growth in Transition: The Case of Kosova
This study investigates the barriers to growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Kosova. It is based on a SME survey conducted by Riinvest Institute at the end of 2002 which identified critical business environment barriers perceived ...
Beyond Creditworthy: Microcredit and Informal Credit in the United States
Muhammed Yunus declares that banks co-cause poverty because they inhibit the poor from managing their personal finances or starting a business. Bankers rejoin that banks do not earn enough revenue from the poor and from small business to serve these ...
BUILDING VALUES, BUSINESS ETHICS AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY INTO THE DEVELOPING ORGANIZATION
Little research has been conducted on the ways that smaller, growing organizations establish and maintain their ethical standards as they grow. In this study, the development of business ethics and corporate social responsibility in growing firms is ...
Capital Access Barriers to Government Procurement Performance:
This article expands on barriers to entry and repositioning theory by examining the moderating effects of small firm owner/manager characteristics on the relationship between their perceptions of capital access barriers and their firm’s market penetr ...
Capitalizing Microenterprise Funds: The Virginia Enterprise Initiative
The Virginia Enterprise Initiative (VEI) is a state program established with the objective to help fund 15 microenterprise loan programs beginning in 1995. An important aspect of the VEI program is the use of leverage. A relatively small amount of st ...
Case Analysis: Evaluation of Ben Franklin Technology Center of Southeastern Pennsylvania's Enterprise Growth Fund
This study examines a group of borrowers serviced by Enterprise Growth Fund and compares them to borrowers serviced by other lenders. From a economic development point of view, I find that the borrowers approved by the Enterprise Growth Fund show les ...
CEO SUCCESSION, HONING, AND ENTERPRISING: A PROMISING WAY TO ACHIEVE SMALL BUSINESS PERFORMANCE?

This study examines CEO succession in small firms and the impact of CEO honing and enterprising competence on firm performance within a contingency framework. In a s ...

CEO SUCCESSION, HONING, AND ENTERPRISING: A PROMISING WAY TO ACHIEVE SMALL BUSINESS PERFORMANCE?

This study examines CEO succession in small firms and the impact of CEO honing and enterprising competence on firm performance within a contingency framework. In a s ...

Challenges To Launching Grassroots Microlending Programs: A Case Study
This case study examines the startup of a microcredit Department of Upstate, NY that was launched in 1997 by an informal group lacking expertise in microlending, and having limited experience in business and little in community organizing. Important ...
CHANGE MANAGEMENT THROUGH ENTRPRENEURSHIP IN PUBLIC SECTOR ENTERPRISES

 

Civic Capitalism: Entrepreneurs, their Ventures and Communities
Entrepreneurs and everyday businessmen and women have long engaged in different kinds of civic-minded activities. This study explores ways that urban entrepreneurs and managers engage in civic activities while pursuing business growth. In this pre ...

Clusters and Entrepreneurship: Implications for Innovation in a Developing Economy
This paper presents a framework for examining technological innovation and entrepreneurship in clusters. Specialized suppliers in the cluster share the risks of failure associated with ne ...
Competitive Dynamics and New Business Models for SMEs in the Virtual Marketplace
This article explores the competitive dynamics impacting SMEs that are not Internet technologically enable. The introduction of the Internet and the World Wide Web is leading to fundamental changes in operating models employed by businesses, and a nu ...
CONSERVATION AREA START-UPS: COMBINING THEORY AND PRACTICE

Business startups by indigenous people in wildlife conservation areas are prone to failure. Funding issues have been identified as a contributing cause of the disapp ...

Constraints of Growth Oriented Enterprises in the Southern and Eastern African Region
In its efforts to promote the creation of quality jobs within the small- and medium-scale enterprise sector, the Regional Project Office for the International Labor Organization’s Start and Improve Your Business Department of Harare has undertaken tw ...
CONTRASTING E-COMMERCE BUSINESS MODELS: PERFORMANCE IMPLICATIONS FOR SMALL ENTERPRISES

Pure plays use the Internet as a market entry strategy and brick and clicks use the Internet as an alternate channel of distribution. Theoretical frameworks from ent ...

CREDIT RATIONING AND BLACK-OWNED FIRMS: IS THERE EVIDENCE OF DISCRIMINATION?

This article uses data from the 2003 Survey of Small Business Finances to determine if banks ration credit more severely to black-owned firms. Our results reveal thi ...

Critical Operating Problems and Survival Rates in Small Firms : A Look at Small Business Institute Clients
This paper analyzes data pertaining to the Small Business Institute Program compiled at one of its pilot educational institutions. It documents the primary problems faced by small businesses in this Program over a considerable period of time in a mid ...
Critical Problems of Rural Small Businesses: A Comparison of African-American and White-Owned Formation and Early Growth Firms
This study investigated the critical problems encountered by African American and White-owned formation and early growth firms in rural businesses. Analyses were conducted to determine the most critical types of problems encountered by these business ...
Cultural Diversity in Small Firms: Implications for Company Performance
Proponents of diversity argue that culturally diverse work forces have economic advantages for organizations. Of particular interest for small firm survival is whether entrepreneurs will see the need to design the organization's work force with cultu ...
CULTURAL VALUES, MARKET INSTITUTIONS, AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP POTENTIAL: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE UNITED STATES, TAIWAN, AND VIETNAM
This study examines the impact of national cultural values and the development of market institutions on three aspects of entrepreneurship (desire, intention, and confidence in creating new ventures). We ask what different kinds of effects do cultura ...
CULTURAL VALUES, MARKET INSTITUTIONS, AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP POTENTIAL: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE UNITED STATES, TAIWAN, AND VIETNAM

This study examines the impact of national cultural values and the development of market institutions on three aspects of entrepreneurship (desire, intention, and co ...

Customer Communication and the Small Ethnic Firm
The emergence of a small and medium enterprise sector and conditions supporting entrepreneurship are key elements in the transition to a market economy. This article reports the findings of a survey of Russian women business owners, and relates the r ...
Declaration And Plan of Action
Preamble: Our purpose as an assembly is to launch a global movement to reach 100 million of the world's poorest families, especially the women of those families, with credit for self-employment and other financial and business services, by the year 2 ...
Designing Effective Management Training and Education for Small Businesses
Designing effective management training programs for small business owners and managers require a great deal of pre-planning. Management educators from business schools have offered traditional training programs developed for students seeking careers ...
DETERMINANTS OF FAMILY BUSINESS RESILIENCE AFTER A NATURAL DISASTER BY GENDER OF BUSINESS OWNER

Using National Family Business Panel combined with national natural disaster and federal disaster assistance data, the study’s purpose was to ...

Developing a Typology of Nonprofit Microenterprise Programs in the United States
Using case studies and interviews with practitioners and researchers, this paper develops a typology of microenterprise programs in the United States. The dimensions of organizational mission, characteristics of client populations, lending practices, ...
DEVELOPMENT CORPORATIONS IN ABORIGINAL COMMUNITIES: THE CANADIAN EXPERIENCE
This study examines the historical development of corporate governance structures in First Nations communities in British Columbia, where development corporations are employed to assist privately-owned and community-owned entrepreneurial enterprises. ...
Developmental Entrepreneurship on the Internet
This column will appear on an occasional basis to provide our readership with information on Internet resources. There are many valuable sources of information on entrepreneurship and microcredit on the Internet. Unfortunately, it can be difficult to ...
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FEMALE AND MALE ENTREPRENEURS’ USE OF BOOTSTRAP FINANCING

Women-owned businesses are increasingly important to the U.S. economy in terms of numbers of firms owned, revenues and employment. Despite the growing role of ...

Differences in Reported Firm Performance by Gender: Does Industry Matter?
Business performance results were collected from small business entrepreneurs in one Mid-western state operating in the retail and services industries. These industries account for more than 80 percent of female entrepreneurs' fields of operation. ...
Does Rural Location Matter? The Significance of a Rural Setting for Small Businesses
Rural settings in the United States have characteristics that present a unique context for small business, often portrayed as adverse. Studies of rural entrepreneurs and small businesses, however, frequently fail to provide data on the rural conte ...
Doing Business in the Torres Straits: A Study of the Relationship Between Culture and the Nature of Indigenous Entrepreneurs
This qualitative study focuses on the relationship between culture and entrepreneurship in the Torres Strait Islands. Similar to other countries with a low per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) aggregate evidence suggests that entrepren ...
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ALBANIAN IMMIGRANT ENTREPRENEURS IN GREECE
Greece ECONOMIC FREEDOM AND THE SUCCESS OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS

This study looks at the relationship between the success of microfinance institutions and the degree of economic freedom in their host countries. Many microfinance i ...

ECONOMIC FREEDOM AND THE SUCCESS OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS

This study looks at the relationship between the success of microfinance institutions and the degree of economic freedom in their host countries. Many microfinance i ...

EMPLOYEE EQUITY INCENTIVES AND VENTURE CAPITALIST INVOLVEMENT: EXAMINING THE EFFECTS ON IPO PERFORMANCE

We examine the effects of venture capitalist involvement and equity incentives for all employees on the performance of initial public offering firms. Data was ...

Empowering Entrepreneurship Through Foresight and Innovation: Developing a Theoretical Framework for Empowerment in Enterprise Programs
This study explores how education and development in the skills and knowledge of foresight, innovation and enterprise (FI and E) relate to the empowerment of young individuals with respect to creating a new venture. In 2003, three groups of young ...
ENTREPRENEURIAL DIMENSIONS IN TRANSITIONAL ECONOMIES: A REVIEW OF RELEVANT LITERATURE AND THE CASE OF KYRGYZSTAN

The process of starting and surviving a new venture is always a challenge, and this is aggravated by unfavorable conditions especially prevalent in less affluent, de ...

ENTREPRENEURIAL DIMENSIONS IN TRANSITIONAL ECONOMIES: A REVIEW OF RELEVANT LITERATURE AND THE CASE OF KYRGYZSTAN

The process of starting and surviving a new venture is always a challenge, and this is aggravated by unfavorable conditions especially prevalent in less affluent, de ...

Entrepreneurial Discovery by the Working Poor
We test the proposition that it is possible to train the economically vulnerable, working poor of inner cities to make entrepreneurial discoveries. We demonstrate the effective use of a model of constrained, systematic search. We employ an experim ...
ENTREPRENEURIAL EXIT AND REENTRY OF ENTREPRENEURS: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF TURKISH ENTREPRENEURS

This study attempts to develop a better understanding in an emerging economy of the exit and reentry processes of entrepreneurs. Twelve case studies were condu ...

Entrepreneurial Performance by Women and Minorities: The Case of New Firms*
The primary objective of this paper is to compare how business survival varies between men- and women-owned business start-ups and between minority- and non-minority-owned business start-ups. By linking previously unavailable longitudinal microdata o ...
Entrepreneurial Potential in Transition Economies: A View from Tomorrow’s Leaders
Entrepreneurial activity is believed to be a fundamental force in the transformation of societies and economies in the former communist countries towards free markets and democracy. However, little is actually known about the situation in the transit ...
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AMONG RUSSIAN IMMIGRANTS IN NORWAY

  Entrepreneurship and Aboriginal Canadians: A Case Study in Economic Development
Business development is the centrepiece of the Aboriginal approach to economic development. One group of Aboriginal people in Northwest Saskatchewan, the First Nations of the Meadow Lake Tribal Council (MLTC), are recognized nationally and internatio ...

Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis
This study examines the impact of entrepreneurship on economic growth by using a new variable based on patent data to proxy for productive entrepreneurship. Data on self-employment is used as an alternative proxy. The study considers 22 OECD count ...
Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurs in Africa: What We Know and What We Need to Do
This paper summarizes what we know about entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship in Africa using three broad categories: The entrepreneur, the entrepreneurial firm, and the external environment. The entrepreneur’s attributes relevant for success or failur ...
Entrepreneurship and Ethnicity: The Role of Human Capital and Family Social Capital
This study of Brazilian immigrants in the United States examines the extent to which the human capital and the family social capital theories explain the probability of owning a business. This study incorporates into the analytical models a variab ...
Entrepreneurship and Philanthropy: The Case of Small Australian Firms
Little is currently known about the nature of philanthropic activities engaged in by microbusinesses. Only limited knowledge exists about the type of charitable contribution made, the cau ...
Entrepreneurship and the Informal Economy: A Study of Ukraine’s Hidden Enterprise Culture
How many entrepreneurs start-up their business ventures conducting some or all of their trade in the informal economy? The aim of this paper is to answer this key question that has been seldom addressed using data from 600 face-to-face structured ...
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND THE LEGACIES OF A DEVELOPMENTAL STATE

This article aims at contributing to a more profound understanding of the relationship between ...

Entrepreneurship Development: SMEs in Indonesia
The Indonesian government has been trying to encourage entrepreneurship development by supporting the development of small and medium enterprises in the country, since these enterprises provide an avenue for the testing and development of entrepre ...
Entrepreneurship in the Rainbow Nation: Affect of Cultural Values and ESE on Intentions
Because of South Africa's multicultural society, different cultural values were hypothesized to influence proclivity toward entrepreneurship across ethnic groups. Building on previous research conducted on ethnicity and entrepreneurship, selected ...
Entrepreneurship in transitional economies: Review and integration of two decades of research

This review maps research on entrepreneurship in transitional economies since the start of institutional reforms. Data came from 129 academic journal articles ...

Environmental Adversity and the Entrepreneurial Activities of New Ventures
New ventures are important for the growth and prosperity of the US economy. Yet, these ventures must prove themselves, frequently under adverse environmental conditions. One major type of adversity new ventures must address is the hostility in their ...
ESTABLISHED BUSINESS OWNERS’ SUCCESS: INFLUENCING FACTORS

This study investigates the effects of the following factors on established business owners’ success. First, th ...

Establishment, Survival, Sales Growth and Entry Strategies of Japanese MNCs Subsidiaries in India
This empirical study explores first the relationship between operating years and entry strategies based on wholly-owned and joint venture companies. Second, we examine the effects of equity ownership, size, entry strategy and subsidiary age on the ...
Ethics of Business Managers vs. Entrepreneurs
Especially in today's hyper-competitive global economy, it is important to understand the ethical attitudes and standards of entrepreneurs and managers both in the U.S. and abroad. This study of ethical attitudes and standards is grounded in stakehol ...
Ethnic Entrepreneurship: Studying Chinese and Indian Students in the United States
Current literature has not touched upon the topic of entrepreneurial intention among international students. Using the theory of planned behavior as a theoretical framework, this study addresses this gap by looking at the entrepreneurial intention ...
Evaluating Microenterprise Programs: Issues and Lessons Learned
The use of microenterprise development as a strategy for creating economic opportunity for the poor, the unemployed, and other economically disadvantaged groups is increasing in the United States. Federal and state government agencies, as well as pri ...
Examining Venturing-related Myths about Women Entrepreneurs
Despite the increasing number of women who are starting businesses, distinct hurdles exist for women, for instance the lower incidence of females as business owners and the paucity of academic research on the topic of female entrepreneurs. Another ma ...
Expectations of Indian Reservation Gaming:
The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1988 permitted casino gambling on Indian reservations for the purpose of economic development based on an expectation that it would, among other things, stimulate entrepreneurial activity. This paper places reserva ...
Exploring Business Information Networks of Small Retailers in Rural Communities
This article examines the networking activities of successful independant retailers operating in rural communities in the United States. The study uses data from semi structured interviews with 24 small retailers to discover how the participants perc ...
Exploring Entrepreneurship in a Declining Economy
The paper explores entrepreneurship in a period of economic decline by identifying reasons for business start-ups under such conditions and examining whether the reasons were extrinsic in nature and entrepreneurial in origin. The effectiveness of for ...
Exploring Nascent Entrepreneurs' Financial Management Capability and its Relationship to Success in Creating a New Venture

This article explores the nature and impact of gestation-specific human capital on successful start-up among a random sample of Canadian nascent entrepreneurs. Altho ...

Exploring Nascent Entrepreneurs' Financial Management Capability and its Relationship to Success in Creating a New Venture

This article explores the nature and impact of gestation-specific human capital on successful start-up among a random sample of Canadian nascent entrepreneurs. Altho ...

Exploring Partnership Enterprise for the Rural Poor Through an Experimental Poultry Program in Bangladesh
Self-employment promotion for poverty reduction has been administered through microcredit programs in Bangladesh. While microcredit has opened up new opportunities for the poor to start enterprises, some of them have not benefited from microcredit ...
EXPORT INITIATION IN SMALL LOCALLY-OWNED FIRMS FROM EMERGING ECONOMIES: THE ROLE OF PERSONAL FACTORS

This paper examines the impact of Personal factors in the decision of small, locally-owned firms from an emerging economy to enter into exporting. It drew on the log ...

Factors Affecting the Use of Public Support Services by SME Owners: Evidence from a Periphery Region of Canada
Public authorities throughout the world, recognizing both the importance and fragility of SMEs, have over the years created agencies and set up numerous venture development support and assistance measures. Despite all these efforts, SME owner-mana ...
Factors Contributory to Success: A Study of Pakistan’s Small Business Owners
Small business and entrepreneurship have been at the heart of Pakistan’s economy for almost 60 years, yet little (if any) research has been conducted that identifies factors crucial for small business success in Pakistan. In the past, studies iden ...
Family Microenterprises: Strategies for Coping with Overlapping Family and Business Demands
The family owned and operated microenterprise constitutes an alternative system of income production for many individuals and their families. This study addresses the overlapping fields of family and business and the adjustment strategies that are us ...
Farmers as Entrepreneurs: Developing Competitive Skills
The aim of this literature review is to consider the main issues derived from studies published on the subject of farmers’ skills and entrepreneurial capacity to determine which topics have emerged as areas of research. This literature review anal ...
Father Divine and the Development of African American Small Business
George Baker, better known as Father Divine, was an evangelic preacher and a pioneer in the U. S. civil rights movement. However, this paper provides some insights into Divine's efforts and contributions in the area of small business. Divine is inter ...
Federal Funding Opportunities for Microenterprise Programs
This paper presents opportunities for nonprofit and government agencies exploring funding for microenterprise programs. The number of microenterprise programs has increased greatly and, in some cases, so has federal funding. Presented here are fed ...
Female Entrepreneurs in a Female-Dominated Health Profession: An Exploratory Study
While seventy-four percent of physical therapists are female and there are opportunities for self-owned practices, the number of men who open practices exceeds the number of women. This study's purpose is to identify patterns that encouraged women to ...
Female Entrepreneurship and the Market Process: Gender-Based Public Policy Considerations
This paper explores the theoretical aspects of gender-based public policy programs specifically designed to increase the number of women creating and developing new ventures, and the economic impacts of these programs on entrepreneurship and the mark ...
FEMALE IMMIGRANT ENTREPRENEURSHIP:A DEVELOPING SECTOR IN JAPAN’S ENTREPRENEURIAL ECONOMY

The role of women in Japan was, traditionally, restricted to home keeping and childrearing. ...

Finance and Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise in Developing Countries
The paper examines the research on finance and the small and medium-sized enterprise sector on developing countries. The paper argues that theoretical insights into this field have largely been confined to studies undertaken in the US and UK. In deve ...
FINANCIAL FUNDING OF IMMIGRANT BUSINESSES

This study investigates differences in financial funding between immigrant and nonimmigrant businesses and delineates factors influencing financial funding of immigr ...

FINANCIAL FUNDING OF IMMIGRANT BUSINESSES

This study investigates differences in financial funding between immigrant and nonimmigrant businesses and delineates factors influencing financial funding of immigr ...

Financing the Microcredit Programs of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs): A Case Study
The Palli Karma Sahayak Foundation (PKSF) is an innovative institutional mechanism in Bangladesh for alleviating poverty. It is a government sponsored financial institution that provides loans to organizations to expand outreach of successful microcr ...
FIRM-LEVEL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: THE ROLE OF Proactiveness, Innovativeness, and Strategic Renewal in the Creation and Exploitation of Opportunities

Recent research suggests that existing conceptualizations of firm-level entrepreneurship may not be sufficient in fully explaining the construct.

FOUNDER CENTRALITY, MANAGEMENT TEAM CONGRUENCE AND PERFORMANCE IN FAMILY FIRMS: A KENYAN CONTEXT

Applying social network theory to family business, founder centrality has been generally shown to positively affect top-management-team congruence and, as a co ...

From Unemployed to Entrepreneur: A Case Study in Intervention
A number of programs and studies have focused on different groups of potential, but unlikely, entrepreneurs with respect to their entrepreneurial propensities and activities. This article summarizes the entrepreneurial "potential," training, and succ ...
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS: EVIDENCE FROM BULGARIA

Despite the increasing interest in researching female entrepreneurship, little is known about gender differences in pre-ventu ...

Gender Gaps in Potential for Entrepreneurship across Countries and Cultures
Differences between men and women with respect to traits associated with the potential for undertaking entrepreneurial activities were measured to determine whether gender “gaps” in these trait ...
Gender Role Orientation as a Determinant of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy

Entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) is often included in entrepreneurial intentions models to explain why some individuals are more likely than others to become entrepreneurs. An unsettled question among researchers is whether ESE differs betwe ...

Ghanaian and Kenyan Entrepreneurs: A Comparative Analysis of Their Motivations, Success Characteristics and Problems
Three hundred and fifty-six entrepreneurs from Kenya and Ghana were surveyed to determine their motivation for business ownership, variables contributing to their business success, and the problems they encountered. Kenyan and Ghanaian entrepreneu ...
How Changes in Small Business Lending Affect Firms in Low- and Moderate-Income Neighborhoods
Bank mergers, the use of credit scoring, the increasing geographic scale of small business lending markets, and the changing role of nonbank financial institutions are all likely to have significant impacts on the financing of small businesses. This ...
Human Resource Management in U.S. Small Businesses: A Replication and Extension
Human resource management practices in 262 U.S. small businesses were investigated for purposes of examining and comparing HRM practices in small business to those reported in a study conducted by the authors over a decade ago. Most empirical researc ...
IMMIGRANT AND U.S. BORN MEXICAN OWNED BUSINESSES:MOTIVATIONS AND MANAGEMENT

In this study, we seek to understand the key differences between the entrepreneurial experience for Mexican immigrant and

Impact of Human Resource Management: SME Performance in Vietnam
In its transition from a centrally planned economy to a market economy, Vietnam has achieved remarkable success. During this transition, Vietnam businesses have implemented a number of HRM practices used primarily by companies in Western cultures. ...
Impact of the 8(a) Program on Minority Firm Development: An Exploratory Study
The US Small Business Administration's 8(a) business development program was established to provide assistance in promoting the viability and long term survival prospects of ventures owned by socially and economically disadvantaged person's. Yet sinc ...
Impact of the 8(a) Program on Minority Firm Development: An Exploratory Study
The US Small Business Administration's 8(a) business development program was established to provide assistance in promoting the viability and long term survival prospects of ventures owned by socially and economically disadvantaged person's. Yet sinc ...
Individual Perception of Business Contexts:
The article presents two case studies of small-scale business innovators in Tanzania. The focus is on individual entrepreneurs’ conception of their contexts as enabling environments for entrepreneurial endeavor. The objective is to identify regional ...
INFLUENCE OF FAMILY’S SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS ON THE DEBT STRUCTURE OF MEXICAN-AMERICAN AND KOREAN-AMERICAN SMALL BUSINESSES

This study utilizes the Korean-American and Mexican-American samples in the National Minority Business Survey to examine the debt structure of small businesses owned ...

INFLUENCE OF FAMILY’S SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS ON THE DEBT STRUCTURE OF MEXICAN-AMERICAN AND KOREAN-AMERICAN SMALL BUSINESSES

This study utilizes the Korean-American and Mexican-American samples in the National Minority Business Survey to examine the debt structure of small businesses owned ...

INHERITED SKILLS AND TECHNOLOGY: INDIAN ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT

 

Innovation in Small Businesses: Culture and Ownership Structure Do Matter
The empirical research presented in this article focuses on the relationships between ownership structure (family v. non-family), the type of customer served by the business, several dimensions of organizational culture and innovation in small busine ...

Institutional Changes Affecting Entrepreneurship in China
Institutions influencing entrepreneurship are undergoing significant transformation in China. During the Mao era, private entrepreneurship was virtually eradicated and was a political taboo. As reflected in the macro-level economic data, there has ...
INTERNET ICT USE IN AGRICULTURE: MICRO-ENTERPRISES AND SMES

To date, relatively few studies have examined information and communication technologies (ICT) use in the subset of SMEs known as micro-enterprises. Even ...

Interviewer Cheating: Implications for Research on Entrepreneurship in Africa
Interviewer cheating has seldom been studied or discussed as a problem in the literature. This article therefore begins with a brief review of this problem area which is of utmost importance especially for entrepreneurship research in a Third World c ...
Intrapreneurship Modeling in Transition Economies: A Comparison of Slovenia and the United States
While it has been suggested that intrapreneurship is an essential vehicle for success of established organizations, its merits have been shown and discussed mainly with an emphasis on firms in developed economies, especially in the United States. Thi ...
Is There a Liquidity Crisis for Small, Black-Owned Firms?
Loans and trade credit are major sources of short-term debt and liquidity for small firms. This article uses data from the 1998 Survey of Small Business Finances to compare the borrowing experience of small firms owned by black men to those owned ...
ISLAMIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A CASE STUDY OF SAUDI ARABIA

This paper examines the relationship between Islamic values and entrepreneurial activity and to establish whe ...

Johnson Publishing Inc., A Case of Strategic Development
Johnson Publishing Inc. has endured for more that 50 years and is the largest African American owned publishing company. This organization developed and evolved during a period of time when social conditions for African Americans were, for the most p ...
Learning About Women, Economic Development, Entrepreneurship, and the Environment in India: A Case Study

On a recent semester-long stay in India, students from Xavier University ( Cincinnati, Ohio) learned about a variety of social and economic development issues, with an emphasis on the role and status of women. This study describes and assesses ...

Life Cycles of New Venture Organizations: Different Factors Affecting Performance
The behavior of venture capitalists (VCs) and their affiliated new venture organizations (NVOs) is investigated in the context of the life cycle construct by assessing the differences that exist for firms that invest earlier versus later in the organ ...
Mainstreaming Informal Financial Institutions
Informal financial institutions (IFIs), among them the ubiquitous rotating savings and credit associations, are of ancient origin. Owned and self-managed by local people, poor and non-poor, they are self-help organizations which mobilize their own re ...
MAKING SENSE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL OUTCOMES MEASUREMENTS IN THE LITERATURE: SUGGESTIONS FOR RESEARCHERS AND POLICYMAKERS

This article addresses three questions: (1) How has entrepreneurial outcome been measured? (2) How can these measurements be categorized? (3) What measures are ...

Making the Adaptation Across Cultures and Societies: A Report on an Attempt to Clone the Grameen Bank in Southern Arkansas
Peer group oriented microenterprise loan funds similar to the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh have become very popular in the United States as a means to move low income people off welfare and to become independent business people. Despite the great appea ...
Maori Entrepreneurship in the Contempory Business Environment
This study's objective is to examine the nature of Maori enterprises and to analyze the environment for development and growth of the Maori entrepreneurial firms in the reforming economy of New Zealand. In order to evaluate and compare firms develop ...
Microenterprise and the Economic Development Toolkit: A Small Part of the Big Picture
Growth in the number of U.S. microenterprise programs has been tremendous in recent years. In many places, these programs are being implemented with economic development goals in mind. However, although growth in this strategy has been great, the num ...
Microenterprise Development Success: A Path Analysis of Factors that Lead to and Mediate Client Success
Through a path regression analysis of data from the Vermont Micro Business Development Program, this study examined the relationships between client characteristics, program activities, interim outcomes, and impacts, to understand factors that lea ...
Microenterprise Programs and Women: Entrepreneurship as Individual Empowerment
This paper presents case study research from Women's Initiative for Self Employment (WISE) to argue that WISE, like many microenterprise programs, uses credit as a springboard to achieve something that goes beyond simple access to business funding. A ...
MICROFINANCE IN CULTURES OF NON-REPAYMENT

The microfinance industry seeks to alleviate poverty by providing business loans and related financial services to clients who are too small to be served profitably ...

Native American Entrepreneurs and Strategic Choice
In a study of 149 entrepreneurs operating businesses in heavily Native American indigenous communities, no significant differences were found in three constructs of entrepreneurial business orientation and two constructs of small business orientat ...
NICHE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS’ ACQUISITION OF CAPITAL

Capital acquisition is one of the most challenging, yet important, issues facing small firms.

Normative, Social and Cognitive Predictors of Entrepreneurial Interest in China, Vietnam and the Philippines
This study addresses normative, social and cognitive factors related to the interest in becoming an entrepreneur in China, Vietnam, and the Philippines.  The study’s findings are based on surveys of 782 business students in these countries.&n ...
Obstacles to Business Launch
This paper presents the results of a survey of the obstacles to business start-up among individuals who attended workshops that presented material on the evaluation of a business idea. All of the individuals included in this study decided against pur ...
On the Financial Performance of Private Enterprises in China
Using the 2002 and 2000 comprehensive survey s of Chinese entrepreneurs conducted by the National Association of Private Entrepreneurs and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, we examine the characteristics and financial perform ...
Opportunity Recognition Differences Between Black and White Nascent Entrepreneurs: A Test of Bhave’s Model
Examining the opportunity recognition processes of black and white entrepreneurs may help improve the lagging rate of black entrepreneurship. Based on the framework provided by Bhave’s (1994) model of new venture creation, and using data collected ...
Organizational Culture and Patterns of Information Processing: The Case of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Organizational culture represents the best available "lubricant" that permits small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to function smoothly and effectively. Information and the way ...
ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING, MICROFINANCE, AND REPLICATION:
This paper provides a brief introduction to microfinance programs in international development, and to Nonaka’s (1994) four-phase organizational learning framework. The four-phase learning model is then used to provide a detailed examination of the r ...
Our Entrepreneurial Future: Examining the Diverse Attitudes and Motivations of Teens Across Gender and Ethnic Identity
An analysis was undertaken of the career motivators and perceived leadership skills of 1971 teens reporting high levels of interest in becoming entrepreneurs. Data were drawn ...
Peer Lending Groups and Success: A Case Study of
Microenterprise programs seek to encourage small business through the provision of collateral-free loans and other business and training services, typically to economically disadvantaged populations. This paper explores one component of microenterpri ...
Personal Traits of CEOs, Inter-firm Networking and Entrepreurship in Their Firms: Investigating Strategic SME Network Participants
This research tests a model including direct and indirect effects of CEO’s personal traits (i.e. tolerance for ambiguity and self-efficacy) on entrepreneurial behavior for firms in a specific context, namely strategic SME networks. Findings indicate ...
POLICY SUPPORT FOR INFORMAL SECTOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP: MICRO-ENTRERPRISES IN INDIA
This paper highlights the presence of a hidden enterpri ...
Poverty Among Self-Employed Businesspeople in a Rich Country: A Misunderstood and Distinct Reality
The article studies poverty among self-employed businesspeople in a rich country, Belgium Existing research on self-employment income, compared with income of employees, has made clear that self-employed have a higher probability of falling in the lo ...
Pre-Launch and the Acquisition of Start-up Capital by Small Firms
This paper examines the relationships between pre-launch preparations and the acquisition of start-up capital for small firms. Specifically, the study investigates the relationship between pre-launch preparations and (a) the size of initial capitaliz ...
Privatization, Corporate Entrepreneurship, and Performance: Testing a Normative Model
Private and institutional investors, management consultants, and national economic policy makers have recognized that privatization is an important vehicle for overcoming the economic and social drawbacks of state owned enterprises management, funct ...
PROCESS MECHANISMS OF INSTITUTIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Field and historical data from China delineate two specific process mechanisms that facilitate institutional change: diminished utility of regulatory cont ...

Profile of Women Entrepreneurs in a War-Torn Area: Case Study of Northeast Sri Lanka
This study examines the demographic profile of ‘Tamil’ women entrepreneurs in the NorthEast of Sri Lanka who became entrepreneurs as a result of war. Five main areas of interest was examined, namely, i) characteristics of these women entrepreneurs ...
PROFILES OF SUCCESSFUL CRAFT MICRO-RETAILERS

This research sought to provide insight on those strategies and business activities associated with successful micro-retail entrepreneurs, spe ...

Promoting Hispanic Immigrant Entrepreneurship in Chicago
This article examines the evolution of Hispanic immigrant entrepreneurship in Chicago during the 1980s and 1990s - a period where the ethnographical composition of the population changed appreciably and minority businesses grew rapidly. The Census of ...
Psychological Success Factors of Small Scale Businesses in Namibia: The Roles of Strategy Process, Entrepreneurial Orientation and the Environment
It is hypothesized that psychological strategy process characteristics, such as complete planning, critical point planning, opportunistic, and reactive, as well as entrepreneurial orientation (autonomy, innovativeness, competitive aggressiveness, and ...
Putting Government's Role in Perspective: The Impact of Government Programs on Entrepreneurs and Small Business Owners
Government affects entrepreneurs and small business owners through regulation and through programs and policies designed to foster business creation and growth. This study reports on small business owners' and entrepreneurs' perception of the governm ...
Raising Capital for Microfinance: Sources of Funding and Opportunities for Equity Financing
On a worldwide basis, microfinance institutions (MFIs) provide financial services to the poorest households. To date, funding of MFI activities has come primarily from outright donor grants, government subsidies, and often debt capital, including ...
Rejoinder: Toward a Broader Understanding of the Needs of African American Entrepreneurs
This article was written in response to the preceding Bates paper; The Financial Needs of Black-owned Businesses. Microenterprise development in the United States is described. The results of the final evaluation of the Self-Employment Investment Dem ...
Reply to Raheim
Professor Raheim states in at least a dozen different variations the notion that "Bates characterizes low-income African Americans . . . as having immutable human capital defects." One problem with this is that I do not subscribe to the "Bates view o ...
Researching Informal Entrepreneurship In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Note On Field Methodology
Research into informal entrepreneurship is couched in a framework of fuzzy concepts being operationalised for different purposes by researchers from different disciplines and with differing objectives. Using the author's research into the nature of W ...
Retail Service Quality Expectations and Perceptions Among Philippine Small/Medium Enterprises
The Philippines is among the emerging markets in the world. Along with China, the Philippines attracts international enterprises seeking to establish a presence in Asia. This study examines small/medium enterprises (SMEs) management and employee p ...
Risk Management in Private Equity Funds: A Comparative Study of Indian and Franco-German Funds
Venture capitalist and buy-out funds are often considered experts at investing in high-risk projects and companies. To be successful investors, private equity funds must therefore manage the many aspects of risk that are associated with investing ...
ROLE DEMANDS, DIFFICULTY IN MANAGING WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT AND MINORITY ENTREPRENEURS

By exploring difficulty in managing work-family conflict for minority entrepreneurs, this study considers work-family issues for business persons who have received l ...

ROLE DEMANDS, DIFFICULTY IN MANAGING WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT AND MINORITY ENTREPRENEURS

By exploring difficulty in managing work-family conflict for minority entrepreneurs, this study considers work-family issues for business persons who have received l ...

Rotating Credit Associations and the Diasporic Economy
Caribbean immigrants have participated in rotating credit associations in their adaptation to daily life in New York City. This essay examines the relations between diasporic entrepreneurship and the folk banking system known as sangue or min among t ...
Russian Women Business Owners:
Informal financial institutions (IFIs), among them the ubiquitous rotating savings and credit associations, are of ancient origin. Owned and self-managed by local people, poor and non-poor, they are self-help organizations which mobilize their own re ...
Searching for Wortman’s Rural Economic Development Zones: A Case Study of Three Rural Electric Cooperatives
This study uses Wortman’s Rural Economic Development Zones (Wortman, 1990a) and more recent work by Lyons (2002) as a point of departure to demonstrate entrepreneurship development suited to rural locations. We describe the current literature and ...
SEEKING ADVICE IN A DYNAMIC AND COMPLEX BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT: IMPACT ON THE SUCCESS OF SMALL FIRMS

The research explored the antecedents and outcomes of seeking information and advice seeking about the marketplace in which a small firm exists. A survey of 185 smal ...

SEEKING ADVICE IN A DYNAMIC AND COMPLEX BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT: IMPACT ON THE SUCCESS OF SMALL FIRMS

SEGMENTING THE POPULATION OF ENTREPRENEURS: A CLUSTER ANALYSIS STUDY

This paper contributes to our understanding of minority entrepreneu ...

SEGMENTING THE POPULATION OF ENTREPRENEURS: A CLUSTER ANALYSIS STUDY

This paper contributes to our understanding of minority entrepreneu ...

Small Business Development Center (SBDC) Experiences and Perceptions:
This study examines the experiences and perceptions of Small Business Development Centers (SBDCs) in the delivery of self-employment services to people with disabilities. SBDC services have been found to improve self-employment outcomes for minoritie ...
Small Business Survival in China: Guanxi, Legitmacy and Social Capital
Previous research suggests that guanxi "costs" are significantly higher for private Chinese enterprises versus all other enterprise types, i.e., state, township and village (TVE), domestic and foreign enterprises. Also, consistent with it ...
Small Enterprise Promotion and Sustainable Development: An Attempt at Integration
The last decades of this century have witnessed strong advocacy for environmentally sustainable behavior of economic agents. However, this very important aspect of economic development has been grossly neglected in the promotional strategies of small ...
SMALL FAMILY BUSINESS SURVIVAL:STRATEGIES FOR COPING WITH OVERLAPPING FAMILY AND BUSINESS DEMANDS

This study identified 14 adjustment strategies employed by household and business managers to cope with overlapping work and family demands using data from 199 ...

SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND LEARNING:THE CASE OF THE CENTRAL AMERICAN LEARNING ALLIANCE

This paper sets out to analyze social entrepreneurship in the Central America Learning Alliance, in the context of recent literature on entrep ...

Social Entrepreneurship: The Role of Social Purpose Enterprises in Facilitating Community Economic Development
This paper seeks to examine the role of social and political cohesion in a community economic development context focusing on the emergence and dynamics of social purpose enterprises in facilitating community development and revitalization efforts. T ...
SOCIALIZATION FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP:THE SECOND GENERATION

Entrepreneurship for the first generation of immigrants might be a reasonable answer to their employment problems. Unfortunately, in addition to objective problems s ...

SOUTH-SOUTH TRADE AND APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS AMONG AGRO-FOOD SMES:

This article reviews some results of a policy research project addressing agro-food SME trade promotion in Southeast Asian and Western African ...

SPATIAL ASSIMILATION AND SELF-EMPLOYMENT: THE CASE OF BLACK AMERICANS

Residential segregation has played a central role in theories of minority entrepreneurship. This study integrates two theories in the extant literature on minorities ...

SPATIAL ASSIMILATION AND SELF-EMPLOYMENT: THE CASE OF BLACK AMERICANS

Residential segregation has played a central role in theories of minority entrepreneurship. This study integrates two theories in the extant literature on minorities ...

SPONSORSHIP, COMMUNITY, AND SOCIAL CAPITAL RESOURCES IN INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES

This exploratory study conducted in heavily indigenous communities was undertaken to investigate entrepreneurial perceptions of community (sense of place, image, and ...

STRATEGIC CAPABILITIES FOR THE GROWTH OF MANUFACTURING SMES: A CONFIGURATIONAL PERSPECTIVE

In a now global knowledge-based economy, the strategic intent of manufacturing SMEs is manifested ...

Strategic Responses to the Decline and/or Elimination of Government Set-Aside Programs for Minority and Women-Owned Businesses
For many years, Federal, state and local government set-aside contracts have provided opportunities for minority-owned (and more recently women-owned) small businesses to attain the sales volume needed to achieve break-even and subsequent profitabili ...
Survival of New Firms Owned by Natives and Immigrants in Norway
This paper investigates the survival rates of businesses founded by immigrants and natives in the context of Norway, which has not yet been explored. Based on the relevant literature review, the entrepreneur’s human capital and venture’s start-up ...
Teaching About Women Managers and Women Entrepreneurs Across Cultures
Although women constitute over fifty percent of the world's population, in no country do they represent half of the managers or the owners of businesses. In most countries, management is still seen as masculine, with obstacles for women to get into t ...
The Challenge of Entrepreneurship in a Developed Economy: The Problematic Case of Japan
The experiences with today s Asian financial crisis have highlighted concerns as to whether Japan s once celebrated bubble economy prosperity can be regained. The slow growth of new venture creation in Japan can be attributed to numerous variables ...
THE COMMONALITY AND CHARACTER OF OFF-THE-BOOKS ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A COMPARISON OF DEPRIVED AND AFFLUENT URBAN NEIGHBORHOODS

Until now, few studies have evaluated whether there are geographical variations in the extent and cha ...

THE CONTINUUM OF CAPITAL FOR SMALL AND MICRO ENTERPRISES

Since the 1990s, interest in the role of small and microenterprises (SMMEs) in economic development has garnered considerable attention throughout academic and ...

THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND PRIVATE ENTERPRISE IN PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND ITS RELEVANCE TO TRANSITIONAL ECONOMIES

This paper aims to study the issues and unique characteristics surrounding the birth and

The Economic Limits of Trust: The Case of a Latin American Urban Informal Commerce Sector
Social capital is thought to be an important source of social cohesion and a key ingredient for socioeconomic expansion in developing nations. We study its role among street vendors and their money lenders in Caracas, an illegal business based sol ...


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