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Index and
Abstracts
for Volume 4, 1999
Volume 4, Number 2
April 1999
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Refereed Articles
Female Entrepreneurship and the
Market
Process: Gender-Based
Public Policy Considerations; Deborah
Walker and Brenda E. Joyner
Assessing the Intervention
Effectiveness
of Business Incubation Programs on New Business Start-Ups
Hugh
D. Sherman
The Practices of Effective Family Firm
Leaders James M. Hunt and Wendy C. Handler
Social
Entrepreneurship: The Role of Social Purpose Enterprises in
Facilitating Community Economic Environment Development
Sherri Leronda
Wallace
Shorter Articles
Obstacles
to Business Launch
Howard E. Van Auken
Female
Entrepreneurship and the Market Process: Gender-Based Public
Policy
Considerations
Deborah
Walker and Brenda E. Joyner
Author's note:
Dr.
Deborah Walker is Associate Professor of Economics and Dr. Brenda
E.
Joyner is Assistant Professor of Management at the College of
Business
Administration, Loyola University New Orleans.
The authors would like to thank the editors and reviewers
for
the valuable insights they provided as this article was
developed.
Funding for this work was provided a research grant from
Loyola
University New Orleans.
Abstract:
This
paper explores the theoretical aspects of gender-based public
policy
programs specifically designed to increase the number of women
creating and developing new ventures, and the economic impacts of
these programs on entrepreneurship and the market process
(resource
allocation). Using a conceptual framework of four kinds
of discrimination, analysis of four
Small Business Administration programs demonstrated a possible
increase in pure gender discrimination due to resentment of
programs
targeted toward women. Potential
decreases in all four kinds of discrimination were associated with
the
SBA programs. A framework
was developed that describes circumstances under which resource
allocation is more or less efficient.
Key
words: Entrepreneurship, women entrepreneurs, discrimination,
public policy, start-up capital
Assessing
the Intervention Effectiveness of Business Incubation Programs on
New
Business Start-Ups
Hugh
D. Sherman
Author's
note:
Hugh
D. Sherman is a member of the Management Systems Department,
College
of Business, Ohio University. This
research was undertaken by the University of Michigan Business
School,
Ohio University, and the Southern Technology Council in
collaboration
with the National Business Incubation Association in response to a
request for proposals from the Economic Development
Administration.
The author would like to acknowledge the other key
members of
the research team, especially Larry Molnar, Don Grimes, Lou
Tornatzky
and Dinah Adkins.
Abstract:
This
article examines the effectiveness of business incubation programs
on
helping start-up businesses survive and grow.
Several different methodologies were used including
macroeconomic analysis, surveys and telephonic interviews of firm
managers, community stakeholders and incubator managers.
Evidence was found to suggest that the rates of failure for
firms that had been in incubation programs was significantly lower
than the failure rate of all start-up firms reported by the other
studies. Several recommendations are suggested to assist incubator
programs in being a more effective intervention tool.
Key words: Business Incubators,
entrepreneurship, economic development
The
Practices of Effective Family Firm Leaders
James
M. Hunt and Wendy C. Handler
Author's
note:
James
M. Hunt, DBA, is Assistant Professor of Management at Babson
College.
Wendy C. Handler, DBA, is Assistant Professor of
Management at
the Arthur Blank Center for Entrepreneurial Studies at Babson
College
Board of Research for a generous grant without which this research
would not have been possible. The authors also
wish to extend their appreciation to Nancy Upton for
feedback on this work and to the participants in the Fourth Annual
Psychosocial Dynamics in the Family Business Retreat for their
many
invaluable suggestions.
Abstract:
This
Research aims to deepen our understanding of family firm
leadership.
An exploratory study of six successful family firms
resulted in
a series of hypotheses regarding the practices of successful family
firm leaders. These
hypotheses also provide insight into the leadership practices that
promote effective family and firm development.
Based on the findings, a model of the dynamics of family
firm
leader motivation and self-concept is suggested.
Additional research is required to assess the strength of
the
hypotheses presented, particularly in other cultural contexts.
Key words: Family business,
leadership,
succession
Social
Entrepreneurship: The Role of Social Purpose Enterprises in
Facilitating Community Economic Development
Sherri
Leronda Wallace
Author's note:
Sherri
Leronda Wallace is Assistant Professor in the Department of
Planning
in the School of Architecture and Planning, State University of New
York at Buffalo. The
author is grateful to Deborah Koshinsky, Kiran Lalloo, Devajyoti
Deka
and the anonymous reviewers for their criticisms and
suggestions.
However, the author bears sole responsibility for the
content
and/or errors herein.
Abstract:
This
paper seeks to examine the role of social and political cohesion in a
community economic development context focusing on the
emergence and
dynamics of social purpose enterprises in facilitating community
development and revitalization efforts.
The discourse centers on why community economic
development is
essential and who can best promote community economic
development. In answer to these two inquiries, this paper
argues the case
for the recognition of and advocacy for the expansion of social
purpose enterprises, often operating for-profit ventures, as an
effective socio-political and economic link between government and
free market enterprise.
Key words: Community economic
development,
economic empowerment, self-determination, social entrepreneurs,
social
purpose enterprises
Obstacles
to Business Launch
Howard
E. Van Auken
Author's
note:
Howard
E. Van Auken is Associate Professor of Management in the
Department of
Management at Iowa State University.
Abstract:
This
paper presents the results of a survey of the obstacles to business
start-up among individuals who attended workshops that presented
material on the evaluation of a business idea.
All of the individuals included in this study decided against
pursuing their business idea through the launch of a new
venture. The results of the study indicate that time constraints,
availability of capital, and risk tolerance are important common
obstacles confronting potential new business owners.
Individuals with business ownership experience believed
that
the obstacles to launch could be overcome as compared to
individuals
without business ownership experience.
With the exception of gender, other respondent
characteristics
had little impact on whether or not the obstacles to business start-
up
could be overcome. The
results of the study can be used in developing training programs
that
assist individuals in the screening of business ideas and the
launching of new firms.
Key words: Business start-ups,
entrepreneurship, obstacles to business
formation
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