| Index
and Abstracts
Volume 9, Number 2
August 2004
Refereed Articles
Examining Venture Related Myths Concerning Women Entrepreneurs Marta
Teresa V. Menziez, Monica Diochon and Yvon Gasse
Capital
Access Barriers to Government Procurement Performance:
Moderating Effects of Ethnicity, Gender and Education Howard
S. Rasheed
Access
to Debt Capital for Women-and Minority-Owned Small
Firms: Does Educational Attainment Have an Impact
Susan
Coleman
The
Use of Bootstrap Financing Among Small Technology Based
Firms
Howard Van Auken
- Venture
Entrepreneurship, Innovation Entrepreneurship, and
Economic Growth
Linghui Tang and Peter E. Koveos
Examining
Venturing-related Myths about Women Entrepreneurs
Teresa V. Menziez, Monica Diochon
and Yvon Gasse
Abstract
-
Despite the increasing number of women
who are starting
businesses, distinct hurdles exist for women, for instance
the lower
incidence of females as business owners and the paucity
of academic research
on the topic of female entrepreneurs. Another major hurdle
is the presence
of “derogatory myths” like those specified
in the U.S. Diana Project. A
random sample of nascent entrepreneurs in Canada is utilized
to examine
these myths about women entrepreneurs. Although many of
the myths were
unsubstantiated, the findings show that perhaps women don’t
have the right
educational background to start large businesses and they
may be starting
businesses unattractive to venture capitalists. These findings
are a clear
wake-up call for the implementation of new programs and
policies to increase
the number of females studying computer and engineering
sciences, and to
encourage and nurture a higher incidence of females as
lead entrepreneurs.
[top]
Capital Access
Barriers to Government Procurement Performance:
Moderating Effects of Ethnicity, Gender and Education
- Howard
S. Rasheed
- Abstract
This article expands on barriers to entry and repositioning
theory by examining the moderating effects of small firm owner/manager
characteristics on the relationship between their perceptions
of capital
access barriers and their firm’s market penetration.
How these effects
varied between government and commercial market segments and
industrial
(commodity and service) sectors was of particular interest.
Hierarchical
regression analyses were conducted on survey data from 915
small firms to
test whether firms owned and managed by individuals who are
ethnic
minorities, female, and/or have less education will have relatively
lower
market penetration as perceptions of capital access barriers
increase. The
results indicate that the interaction of gender and education
with capital
access barriers, respectively, influences market penetration
for firms in
the government market. The ethnicity of the owner/manager directly
influenced market penetration for service firms. The results
suggest
important implications for public policy.
[top]
Access to Debt Capital for Small
Women- and Minority-Owned Firms: Does
Educational Attainment Have an Impact?
- Susan Coleman
Abstract
Due to their inability to access public
debt and equity markets,
small firms are heavily dependent on loans as a financing
source. Prior
research reveals that women and minority borrowers experience
greater
difficulty securing loans than white male borrowers. Prior
research has
also revealed a link between the educational level of the
owner and firm
survival and profitability. This article examines the relationship
between
educational attainment and the firm’s willingness and
ability to secure
loans with particular attention to the borrowing experience
of women and
minority borrowers. Results reveal that, even controlling
for differences
in educational level, black men were significantly less likely
to be
approved for their most recent loan request. Further, black
men were
significantly less likely to apply for loans because they
assumed they would
be denied.
[top]
The Use of Bootstrap Financing Among
Small Technology-Based Firms
- Howard Van Auken
- Abstract
This study examines the use of 28 bootstrap
financing methods among a sample
of 44 small technology-based firms. The results indicate
that, in general,
the owners of these firms did not view bootstrap financing
to be an
important source of capital. The use of bootstrap financing
was directly
related to the risk of the firm, but inversely related to
the size of the
firms’ market and whether the owner had searched for
capital during the past
year. The results can be used by owners of small technology-based
firms,
consultants, and support agencies that provide assistance
to
technology-based firms in areas of financial planning and
capital
acquisition. Understanding the use and availability of all
sources of
capital can help owners develop comprehensive financial strategies.
Agencies that provide support services can use the information
to better
assist small technology-based firms in developing financial
strategies.
This information could be incorporated into training programs
for owners and
managers of small technology-based firms.
[top]
Venture Entrepreneurship, Innovation
Entrepreneurship, and Economic Growth
- Linghui Tang and Peter E. Koveos
Abstract
-
This study distinguishes between two
types of entrepreneurship activities.
Venture Entrepreneurship (VE) entails new venture creation.
Innovation
entrepreneurship (IE) involves innovations within existing
enterprises. VE
is found to be positively related to GDP growth rate. IE
is negatively
related to economic growth rate in high-income countries,
while the findings
for middle and low-income countries are mixed. The study
contributes to a
relatively sparse body of literature by exploring the nature
of the
relationship between entrepreneurship and economic performance.
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