Index and Abstracts
Volume 8, Number 2
Summer 2003

Refereed Articles

An Examination of Indigenous Australian Entrepreneurs Dennis Foley

Expectations of Indian Reservation Gaming:
Entrepreneurial Activity within a Context of Traditional Land Tenure and Wealth Acquisition Craig S. Galbraith, Curt H. Stiles

How Changes in Small Business Lending Affect Firms in Low- and Moderate-Income Neighborhoods Daniel Immergluck, Geoff Smith

Small Business Development Center (SBDC) Experiences and Perceptions:
Providing Service to People with Disabilities
Catherine Ipsen, M.A, Kyle Colling, Ph.D.

A Comparative Analysis of Strategic Marketing Practices of High_Growth U.S. Family and Non-Family Firms Elisabeth J. Teal, Nancy Upton, Samuel L. Seaman

An Examination of Indigenous Australian Entrepreneurs

Dennis Foley

Abstract

There is little published literature available on urban contemporary Indigenous entrepreneurs in Australia. The paper defines the Indigenous Australian entrepreneur and provides an insight into the contemporary environment in which these entrepreneurs operate. Through case study analysis, the Indigenous cultural paradigm of success in entrepreneurial activity is examined. It explores commonalities among the participants, examining their educational and training expertise, their sacrifices and survival techniques in business, and investigates what makes them different from non-indigenous Australian entrepreneurs. The study provides a framework or foundation for future research on Indigenous entrepreneurs.

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Expectations of Indian Reservation Gaming:
Entrepreneurial Activity within a Context of Traditional Land Tenure and Wealth Acquisition

Craig S. Galbraith, Curt H. Stiles

Abstract

The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1988 permitted casino gambling on Indian reservations for the purpose of economic development based on an expectation that it would, among other things, stimulate entrepreneurial activity. This paper places reservation gaming expectations within the deeply traditional context of Indian economies and against the historic backdrop of past tribal failures to adapt to a changing environment. Assessment of gaming activity in a small interview sample reveals only minor accomplishments to date and raises questions about the appropriate theoretical model under which entrepreneurial activity can be expected. We suggest that casino revenues be viewed as export earnings in a regional economic base model and conclude that tribes should give more attention to political adaptability. The perspective is that of Southern California tribes with comparisons to Arizona tribes.

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How Changes in Small Business Lending Affect Firms in Low- and Moderate-Income Neighborhoods

Daniel Immergluck, Geoff Smith

Abstract

Bank mergers, the use of credit scoring, the increasing geographic scale of small business lending markets, and the changing role of nonbank financial institutions are all likely to have significant impacts on the financing of small businesses. This paper examines the impacts of such changes on small business lending in low- and moderate-income metropolitan neighborhoods. Although some firms in modest-income communities – especially those with strong, well-established credit -- may actually see improvements in access to loans, many others – especially those needing traditional, relationship-based loans and those with more marginal credit -- are likely to see increasing problems. Overall, the net effect of changes in small business lending is likely to be a continuing disparity in access to credit between lower- and higher-income areas. The paper ends by discussing implications for policies and programs and recommendations to improve credit access in low- and moderate-income communities.

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Small Business Development Center (SBDC) Experiences and Perceptions:
Providing Service to People with Disabilities

Catherine Ipsen, M.A, Kyle Colling, Ph.D.

 

Abstract

This study examines the experiences and perceptions of Small Business Development Centers (SBDCs) in the delivery of self-employment services to people with disabilities. SBDC services have been found to improve self-employment outcomes for minorities, veterans, and women. Similar outcome variables are not available for people with disabilities. Findings are presented based on an exploratory survey distributed to over half of all SBDC programs across the United States. Respondents that had more experience serving people with disabilities or had more accessible program accommodations reported higher rates of people with disabilities being served in SBDC training and other services, higher referral rates between the SBDCs and state Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) agencies, and more internal resources to serve people with disabilities. The data indicate that SBDC programs could enhance services for people with disabilities by (1) extending accessible accommodations to include augmented communication devices and alternative formats; (2) building internal capacity through interagency linkages with Vocational Rehabilitation; and (3) modifying participant tracking measures to include people with disabilities.

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A Comparative Analysis of Strategic Marketing Practices of High Growth U.S. Family and Non-Family Firms

Elisabeth J. Teal, Nancy Upton, Samuel L. Seaman

Abstract

This study provides an analysis of strategic marketing practices of high-growth family and non-family firms in the United States. Strategic practices were examined in the areas of business strategies, including business strategies, market timing, and pricing strategies; financial allocations, including research & development expenditures and marketing budget allocations; and growth outcomes including expansion in new products or services and customers. Data were compiled from a survey of 161 high-growth family and 625 high-growth non-family firm finalists in the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year award program. Six hypotheses were tested through comparative analyses including Likelihood Ratio Chi-square, ANOVA, and ANCOVA. For high-growth firms, the results suggest that younger non-family firms follow a first to market timing strategy, family firms follow an above market pricing strategy as they age, and family firms are more likely to allocate a greater percentage of their marketing budget to mass advertising.